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  • A Cross of Thorns: The Enslavement of California’s Indians by the Spanish Missions

A Cross of Thorns: The Enslavement of California’s Indians by the Spanish Missions

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The Spanish missions of California have long been misrepresented as places of benign and peaceful coexistence between Franciscan friars and California Indians. In fact, the mission friars enslaved the California Indians and treated them with deliberate cruelty. "A Cross of Thorns" describes the dark and violent reality of Mission life. Beginning in 1769, California Indians were enticed into the missions, where they and their descendents were imprisoned for 60 years of forced labor and daily beatings.




The chilling depictions of colonial cruelty in "A Cross of Thorns" are based on little known church and Spanish government archives and letters written by the founder of California's mission, Friar Juniperro Serra (who advocated the whipping of Mission Indians as a standard policy), and published first-hand accounts of 18th and 19th century travelers.




Tracing the history of Spanish colonization in California from its origins in Spain's 18th century economic crisis to the legacy of racism and brutality that continues today, "A Cross of Thorns" is one of the most thought-provoking books ever written on California history. Paperback. Castillo, Elias. 2017.

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Aaron Carapella - Tribal Nations Maps
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  • Home
    • About
    • Buy One, Gift One
    • Pipeline Map
    • Testimonials
    • Link to Canada's free modern First Nations maps
  • Purchase Here
    • PURCHASE
  • Media
    • Newspaper articles >
      • This week's deals
    • Radio Interviews
    • Tribal Nations Maps Newsletter
  • Contact
  • Gallery
  • More.....
    • INTERVIEWS
    • GOFUNDME campaign-Donate !
    • Native American speakers/vendors/exhibitors
    • Tribal Map Postcards
    • Resource list of Native books/movies/websites
    • Tribal Name Meanings/Bibliography
    • Who These Maps Benefit
    • Order Form
    • Custom design maps
    • Posters
    • Wholesale to Gift Shops/Stores
    • Teachers/ School Districts
    • FAQs
    • Category
    • Special Paypal Deals
    • SET OF 4 TRIBAL MAPS
    • Sale >
      • Accepted payment types
    • Blog
    • Framed & Rolled Art Canvas
  • Gift Shops Only